Stepper motor and servo motor are common motor types，There are significant differences in several ways。The following is a detailed analysis of the differences between the two types of motors：

one、Basic definition and working principle

• Stepper motor：Stepper motor is a kind of motor that converts the electrical pulse signal into the corresponding angular displacement or linear displacement。It uses electrical signals to control the rotation of the motor，Each electrical pulse causes the motor to rotate at a certain Angle，So called“step-by-step”。Stepper motors usually have a fixed step Angle，And through the gradual accumulation of step-by-step motion to achieve accurate positioning。

• Servo motor：Servo motor refers to the engine that controls the operation of mechanical components in the servo system，It is a supplementary motor indirect transmission device。It can be rotated according to the requirements of the control signal，The position accuracy is very accurate，The voltage signal can be converted into torque and speed to drive the control object。The servo motor monitors its position in real time via an internal encoder、Velocity isoparameter，And dynamically adjust the control signal according to the feedback signal，This enables more precise position control。

two、Major difference

1. precision

• Stepper motor：The accuracy is relatively low，It is usually possible to precisely control the Angle of each step，However, position errors cannot be monitored and corrected in real time，Therefore, there may be accumulated errors in long running or complex applications。

• Servo motor：High precision，Position can be monitored in real time via encoder、Velocity isoparameter，And dynamically adjust the control signal according to the feedback signal，More precise position control。The accuracy of the servo motor can be achieved0.001mm，Suitable for applications requiring high precision。

2. Control mode

• Stepper motor：Adoption position、Rotational speed、Torque control，Usually open loop control or encoder feedback is connected to prevent out-of-step。The open-loop control mode is relatively simple，Easy to operate，However, it is easily affected by load changes and system interference。

• Servo motor：The information detected by the encoder is fed back to the controller to control the position，Closed-loop control。Closed-loop control enables real-time monitoring of motor position、Velocity isoparameter，And adjust the control signal according to the feedback signal，This results in higher accuracy and stability。

3. Torque and velocity

• Stepper motor：Torque in general40Nmbelow，And produce higher torque at low speeds，So the speed is lower，General speed less than2000rpm。The torque decreases as the speed increases，The torque drops faster at high speed。

• Servo motor：Full range of torque output can be achieved，And it is a constant torque output，High torque can be generated at both high and low speeds。therefore，Servo motor speed is higher，The DC servo motor can be reached20000rpm。

4. Overload capacity

• Stepper motor：The overload capability is low，In general, it may not be possible to adjust in time in the face of load changes，Prone to out-of-step phenomena or inability to properly control the position。

• Servo motor：Has a strong overload capacity，Can bear3-10Multiple g。The servo motor can adjust in real time according to the feedback signal at any time，To better cope with sudden load changes。

5. Response speed

• Stepper motor：The response speed is slow，This may not be suitable for applications that require a quick response。

• Servo motor：Fast response speed，It can better meet the application requirements of high dynamic performance。

6. Other differences

• Vibration resistance：Stepper motor has good vibration resistance，The servo motor has poor vibration resistance。

• Temperature rise：The temperature rise of the stepper motor is obvious in the running state，The servo motor is not obvious。

• Price：The stepper motor is relatively simple in structure，Low price；The servo motor requires the use of rotary encoders and servo drivers，So the price is higher。

three、Sum up

Stepper motor and servo motor in accuracy、Control mode、Torque and velocity、Overload capacity、There are significant differences in response speed。Stepper motor is more suitable for cost-sensitive and precision requirements are not high，For example, simple position positioning in automation equipment；The servo motor is more suitable for precision、Applications that require high dynamic performance and overload capability，Such as CNC machine tools、Robotics and other high-precision control fields。When selecting the type of motor，This topic requires comprehensive consideration based on specific application scenarios and requirements。